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Today's tires are complex, highly engineered products designed to meet exacting safety and performance requirements. Tires contain, on average, ten components, including:
1 TREAD - The tread rubber compound and tread pattern provide grip and traction. The tread is designed and compounded for a balance of abrasion resistance, traction, low rolling resistance, and protection of the casing.
2 BELTS - The belts are layers of angled rubber-coated cord, made of textile, fi berglass or brass-plated steel, which wrap circumferentially around the tire. The coat compound is normally formulated to provide good adhesion to the cord, stiffness, and tear and fatigue resistance.
3 BODY PLIES - Body plies function as the structure of the tire and provide the strength to contain the inflation pressure. Body plies also give the tire strength and flexibility.
4 INNER LINER - A rubber compound is used to retain the inflation pressure inside the tire.
5 SIDEWALL - The sidewall compound is formulated for resistance to weathering, ozone, abrasion, tear, radial and circumferential cracking, and for good fatigue life. Tire sidewalls cover the body plies on the sides of the tires, which provide protection from road and curb damage.
6 BEAD - The bead wire assures an air-tight fi t to the wheel. The bead usually consists of multiple strands of high tensile, bronze or zinc-plated steel, coated with rubber and formed into hoops to seal the tire against the rim, and to provide hoop tension to prevent air leakage. It acts as a load transfer mechanism between the tire and the rim. Additional tire components include the under tread, shoulder insert, belt wedge and bead chaffer.